Global Perspective

Global Perspective

By: Mikh | 07/07/2024

Global Perspective on Poverty in Europe: Challenges Amid Prosperity

Despite Europe’s image as a prosperous and developed continent, poverty remains a significant and complex issue across many European nations. From Western Europe to the Balkans, poverty affects millions, albeit in varying degrees and forms. In a global context, European poverty may not resemble the absolute poverty seen in less-developed regions, but it exists as relative poverty, social exclusion, and economic inequality.

Relative Poverty and Inequality

Europe primarily grapples with relative poverty—a condition where individuals live below a certain percentage of median income, unable to afford a standard of living considered normal in their society. In countries like Bulgaria, Romania, and parts of Southern Italy or Greece, poverty rates are noticeably higher. Even in wealthier countries like France, Germany, or the UK, certain groups—such as single mothers, migrants, the elderly, and the disabled—experience persistent poverty due to structural inequalities.

Economic Disparities Between Regions

There is a clear economic divide between Western and Eastern Europe. While Western countries benefit from stronger economies, Eastern European nations still face challenges in employment quality, wage levels, and social protections. The 2008 financial crisis and the recent COVID-19 pandemic further widened these gaps, exposing the fragility of middle and lower-income households.

Youth and Elderly at Risk

Youth unemployment, especially in Southern Europe (Spain, Greece, and Italy), contributes to cycles of poverty, limiting future opportunities. Meanwhile, aging populations in countries like Latvia, Lithuania, and even Germany face rising elderly poverty due to pension inadequacies or gaps in retirement coverage.

Migration and Poverty

Migrants and refugees, especially those from Africa and the Middle East, often live on the margins of European societies. They face barriers to employment, housing, and healthcare, making them vulnerable to poverty and social exclusion. Xenophobia and weak integration policies in some regions worsen these conditions.

European Efforts and Social Welfare

The European Union promotes social inclusion through frameworks like the European Pillar of Social Rights and initiatives under the European Social Fund. Many European countries have robust welfare systems, unemployment benefits, and housing assistance. However, austerity measures in recent years have strained these services, especially in countries affected by sovereign debt crises.

Conclusion

From a global perspective, poverty in Europe may appear less severe compared to parts of Africa or Asia, but it is no less serious. It represents the persistence of inequality, even within advanced societies. Addressing it requires targeted social investments, inclusive economic policies, and a commitment to closing regional and demographic gaps. Europe’s challenge lies not only in maintaining prosperity but in ensuring it is equitably shared.

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