Civilization

First Civilization

By: Tan Sri Son | 11/01/2024

First Civilization on Earth: The Sumerians

The Sumerian civilization is widely regarded as the first known civilization on Earth. It emerged around 4500 BCE in Mesopotamia, a region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today southern Iraq.

The Sumerians developed many of the foundations of advanced society:

Writing System (Cuneiform): The Sumerians invented the world’s first writing system, allowing them to record trade, laws, literature, and religious texts.

City-States: Cities like Uruk, Ur, Eridu, and Lagash were among the first urban centers, each functioning like independent states.

Government and Laws: They had organized governments and legal systems, and the Code of Ur-Nammu is one of the earliest known law codes.

Architecture: They built massive temple structures called ziggurats, dedicated to their gods.

Mathematics and Astronomy: They used a base-60 number system (which still influences how we measure time) and studied celestial movements.

The Sumerians laid the groundwork for future civilizations in Mesopotamia and around the world. Their innovations in writing, governance, agriculture, and science mark the beginning of recorded human history and complex society.

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